Texas Environmental Almanac, Chapter 3, Public Lands, NOTES

NOTES

1. Douglas W. MacCleery, American Forests: A History of Resiliency and Recovery (United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service - FS-540; and the Forest History Society located in Durham, North Carolina,1992), 25.

2. Joseph Petulla, American Environmental History Second Edition. (Columbus, OH: Merrill Publishing Company, 1988), 239.

3. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Texas Parks and Wildlife Conservation Chronicle (Austin: TPWD, 1990).

4. Bob Hall and Mary Lee Kerr, 1991-1992 Green Index: State by State Guide to the Nation's Environmental Health (Washington, DC: Island Press, 1991), 110.

5. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Proposed Preamble to the Public Lands Classification System, Agenda Item No.3, Exhibit A, November 3, 1994. In 1993, the State Legislature passed Senate Bill 179 directing the Parks and Wildlife Department to establish a classification system for state parks, wildlife management areas, natural areas and historical areas.

6. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Proposed Preamble to the Public Lands Classification System, Agenda Item No.3, Exhibit A, November 3, 1994. In 1993, the State Legislature passed Senate Bill 179 directing the Parks and Wildlife Department to establish a classification system for state parks, wildlife management areas, natural areas and historical areas.

7. Texas Register posting of proposed Public Lands Classification System, September 22, 1994.

8. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Natural Agenda: A Strategic Plan for Texas Parks and Wildlife 1995-1999 (Austin: TPWD, June 1,1994), 10.

9. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Natural Agenda: A Strategic Agenda for TPWD, 1995-99 (Austin: TPWD, June 1994), 12.

10. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Natural Agenda: A Strategic Plan for Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, 1995-1999 (Austin: TPWD, June 1994), 13.

11. National Association of State Park Directors, Draft 1994 Annual Information for the period ending June 1993 (NASPD, September 1994).

12. According to the Texas Comptroller's office, there were approximately 17,896,000 people in Texas in 1993.

13. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Natural Agenda: A Strategic Plan 1994-1999 (TPWD, June 1994), 14.

14. Jim Riggs, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, interview by Texas Center for Policy Studies, October 4, 1994.

15. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service and Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census, 1991 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation,Texas (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1993), 4.

16. Lisa Love, Brain McGregor, and John L. Crompton, Recreation in Texas: The 1993 Citizen Survey (College Station: Texas A&M University, Department of Recreation and Tourism Sciences, October 1993).

17. Texas Parks and Wildlife. Statewide Planning and Research Division, 1994 TORP: Delphi Technique. Questionnaire #3: Issues Development. March 28, 1994.

18. United States General Accounting Office, Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on National Parks, Forests, and Public Lands, Committee on Natural Resources, House of Representatives. National Park Service: Activities Outside Park Borders have Caused Damage to Resources and Will Likely Cause More, (Washington, DC: GAO, January 1994).

19. Texas Center for Policy Studies, The Carbon II Dilemma: A Case Study of the Failings of U.S./Mexico Environmental Management in the Border Region, (Austin: TCPS, August 1993). The Mexican national electric utility is planning to build a larger coal-fired power plant - Carbon II - with minimum pollution controls. This could cause additional visibility-damaging air pollution at Big Bend National Park.

20. Harlan Hobbs, National Park Service Southwest Region, Santa Fe, New Mexico, interview by Texas Center for Policy Studies, March 11, 1994.

21. Cliff Stoppleman, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, New Mexico, interview by Texas Center for Policy Studies, March 10, 1994.

22. Dennis Robertson, United States Forest Service, Planning Division, Lufkin, Texas, interview by Texas Center for Policy Studies, April 22, 1994.

23. The Wirth Amendment to the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989.

24. Texas Center for Policy Studies, The Other Side of the Bailout: A Guide to Protecting Environmentally Significant RTC and FDIC Lands, (Austin: TCPS, July 1991).

25. World Resources Institute, 1994 Information Please Environmental Almanac (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1994), 159.
    Note: According to professional forester and historian, Douglas McCleery, the idea of "conservation as wise use" of natural resources began with conservation leader Gifford Pinochet in the late 19th and early 20th century. McLeery claims the original "wise use" movement was a product of the progressive era and included the concept of "multiple-use." The "multiple-use" and "wise use" concepts advocated by Pinochet reflected the view - today's predominant view, too - that nature's resources should be scientifically managed so as "to protect the basic productivity of the land and its ability to serve future generations." Source: Douglas McCleery, American Forests: A History of Resiliency and Recovery (U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service - FS-540 and Forest History Society, Durham, NC: 1992), 26. Also, see Vandana Shiva, "Resources," The Development Dictionary: A Guide to Knowledge as Power, editor, Wolfgang Sachs (London: Zed Books, Ltd, 1992)

26. Texas Republican Party, "1994 State Republican Party Platform" (Texas Republican Party, 1994.), 5-6.

27. The Fund for Animals, Inc. Houston, Texas 713/978-6346.

28. Texas General Land Office, Texas Coastal Management Program: Preliminary Draft (Austin: GLO, December 1993), II-45.

29. Texas General Land Office, Texas Coastal Management Plan: Preliminary Draft (Austin: GLO, 1993), IX-1.

30. Texas General Land Office, The Beach Bulletin, Summer, 1993 Vol 3. No. 1.

31. Texas General Land Office, Coastal Management Plan (Austin: GLO, March 1994), II-4.

32. Texas General Land Office, Coastal Management Plan Public Comment Document (Austin: GLO, December 1993), II-44.

33. Hillary Garrett and Dock Burke, Economic Impact of the Gulf Intercoastal Waterway System in Texas (College Station: Texas A&M University, The Texas Seagrant Program, 1989), 41.

34. Texas General Land Office, Coastal Management Plan Comment Document (Austin: GLO, March 1994), IX-5. For a description of shoreline changes and maps see Bureau of Economic Geology 1993 Open-File Report 93-1.

35. Texas General Land Office, Coastal Management Program: A Preliminary Draft (Austin: GLO, March 1994), IX-4.

36. Texas General Land Office, On the Ocean, January-February, 1995.

37. Unpublished Briefing Paper entitled MARPOL-ANNEX V provided to authors by the Texas General Land Office.

38. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Recreational Issues in Texas: A Citizen Survey, The Technical Report (TPWD, June 1987), 9.

39. The Texas Center for Policy Studies wishes to thank Joe Riddell, attorney with the Natural Resource Division of the Texas Attorney General's Office, for his assistance with this section.

40. Texas Parks and Wildlife, Texas Outdoor Recreation Plan of 1990, 29.

41. Joseph Petulla, American Environmental History, Second Edition. (Columbus,OH: Merrill Publishing Company, 1988), 230-234.

42. The Multiple-Use Act of 1960 requires national forests to be managed for recreation, wildlife habitat, range, watershed and timber supplies, "not necessarily for the greatest dollar return or greatest unit output" of timber. The Oxford Dictionary of Ecology defines "multiple land-use strategy" as follows: "The designed use of an area so that a range of compatible uses, or activities that can be rendered compatible by careful management, may be practiced in a single locality (for example, forestry with camping, flood control, nature conservation, etc.).

43. U.S. Forest Service, National Forests and Grasslands in Texas: A Congressional Briefing (Lufkin: Forest Service, 1993), 8.

44. National Forest Service Statement of Receipts. October 1, 1993 thru September 30, 1993.

45. Federal Register, Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 36 CFR Parts 215, 217, 219 National Forest System Land and Resource Management Planning; Proposed Rule, Thursday, April 13, 1995, 188920.

46. Texas Parks and Wildlife, Texas Outdoor Recreation Plan of 1990.

47. See Edward C. Fritz. The Sterile Forest: The Case Against Clearcutting. (Austin: Eakin Press, 1983) and Edward C. Fritz, Clearcutting: A Crime Against Nature (Austin: Eakin Press, 1989). Few Texans have been more influential in the efforts to preserve our East Texas natural resources and forests than Edward "Ned" Fritz. In 1966, Ned Fritz founded the Texas Committee on Natural Resources. As primary organizer of the Big Thicket Coordinating Committee, he is credited with persuading Congress to establish the Big Thicket National Preserve.

48. The Texas Center for Policy Studies wishes to thank Janice Bezanson, Issues Coordinator, the Texas Committee on Natural Resources, for her assistance with the segment on clearcutting and forest practices.

49. James B. Baker, Uneven-aged Stand Management on the Crossett Experimental Forest, (Monticello, AR: Southern Forest Experiment Station).

50. Forest Service Southern Region, Draft Summary Environmental Impact Statement for the Revised Land and Resource Management Plan (Lufkin: U.S. Forest Service, June 1994).

51. Texas Forest Service, Harvest Trends 1992 (College Station: Texas Forest Service, 1994), 1.

52. U.S. Forest Service, Sixth Annual Report on the Timber Sale Program for the National Forests and Grasslands in Texas (Lufkin: U.S. Forest Service, 1994).

53. Roger Lord, Staff Forester, Texas Forest Service, State headquarters, College Station, Texas, interview by the Texas Center for Policy Studies, May 26, 1994.

54. Roger Lord, Staff Forester, Texas Forest Service, Texas Softwood Timber Resource. Presentation made at Texas Forestry Association Annual Meeting in Galveston, Texas, October 22, 1993.

55. Roger Lord, Staff Forester, Texas Forest Service, Texas Softwood Timber Resource. Presentation made at Texas Forestry Association Annual Meeting, Galveston, Texas, October 22, 1993.

56. Roger Lord, Texas Forest Service, Texas Softwood Timber Resource. Presentation made by Roger Lord at Texas Forestry Association Annual Meeting, Galveston, Texas, October 22, 1993.

Texas Environmental Almanac, Chapter 3, Public Lands, NOTES

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